Leukemia
Leukemia involves the white blood cells, which are potent infection fighters. In healthy people, white blood cells grow and divide in an orderly way. But in people with leukemia, the bone marrow produces an excessive amount of abnormal white blood cells that don't function properly. The disease is classified as acute (fast-growing) or chronic (slow-growing), and by the type of blood cell affected (lymphocytic or myeloid). Treatment success varies greatly depending on the type and the patient's age.
Common Subtypes
Key Statistics
Global Context
Most common cancer in children under 15 (ALL accounts for ~75% of childhood leukemia).
In India
AML is more prevalent in Indian adults; rising awareness is improving outcomes.
Symptoms
- Fever and chills
- Persistent fatigue and weakness
- Frequent or severe infections
- Easy bleeding or bruising
- Tiny red spots in the skin (petechiae)
- Swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen
- Bone pain or tenderness
- Excessive sweating, especially at night
- Unexplained weight loss
Risk Factors
- Previous cancer treatment (chemotherapy/radiation)
- Genetic disorders (Down syndrome)
- Exposure to certain chemicals (benzene)
- Smoking (especially for AML)
- Family history of leukemia
Treatment Options
Stem Cell (Bone Marrow) Transplant
Replacing diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells from a donor or the patient's own cells after high-dose chemotherapy.
CAR T-cell Therapy
A revolutionary treatment that engineers the patient's own T-cells in a lab to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Targeted Drugs (TKIs)
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors like imatinib for CML that block specific proteins promoting cancer growth.
Induction Chemotherapy
Intensive first-phase chemotherapy to quickly kill leukemia cells and achieve remission.
Prevention & Screening
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.