Pancreatic Cancer
The pancreas is a gland located behind the stomach that secretes enzymes for digestion and hormones (like insulin) to regulate blood sugar. Pancreatic cancer is particularly dangerous because it rarely causes symptoms early and spreads rapidly. By the time it is detected, it has often already spread to other organs. The most common type, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, arises from the cells lining the pancreatic duct. It is one of the deadliest cancers, with a low 5-year survival rate.
Common Subtypes
Key Statistics
Global Context
One of the deadliest cancers with ~10% 5-year survival rate; 4th leading cause of cancer death.
In India
Increasing incidence; late diagnosis is common due to vague early symptoms.
Symptoms
- Upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back
- Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- New-onset diabetes (especially in those over 50)
- Dark urine and pale, oily stools
- Blood clots (often first sign)
- Fatigue and depression
Risk Factors
- Smoking (increases risk 2-3x)
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Long-standing diabetes
- Family history of pancreatic cancer
- Inherited gene mutations (BRCA2, Lynch syndrome)
- Obesity
- Heavy alcohol use
Treatment Options
Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy)
Complex surgery removing the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, gallbladder, and bile duct. Only option for potential cure.
Distal Pancreatectomy
Removal of the body and tail of the pancreas for tumors in those locations.
FOLFIRINOX Chemotherapy
Aggressive multi-drug chemotherapy regimen used for advanced or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.
Palliative Stenting
Inserting a stent to relieve bile duct or duodenal blockage to improve quality of life.
Prevention & Screening
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.