Prostate Cancer
The prostate is a small walnut-shaped gland in males located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It produces seminal fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Many prostate cancers grow slowly and remain confined to the prostate gland, where they may not cause serious harm. However, some types are aggressive and can spread quickly. Early detection through PSA testing and digital rectal exam is key to successful treatment.
Common Subtypes
Key Statistics
Global Context
2nd most common cancer in men worldwide; ~1.4 million new cases annually.
In India
Incidence rising rapidly in metropolitan areas; awareness of PSA screening is increasing.
Symptoms
- Difficulty starting or stopping urination
- Weak or interrupted urine flow
- Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia)
- Pain or burning during urination
- Blood in urine or semen
- Painful ejaculation
- Persistent pain in back, hips, or pelvis (if spread)
- Erectile dysfunction
Risk Factors
- Age (risk increases significantly after 50)
- Family history (father or brother with prostate cancer)
- African ancestry (higher risk and more aggressive forms)
- Obesity
- High-fat diet
- Certain inherited gene mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2)
Treatment Options
Active Surveillance
Closely monitoring slow-growing cancer with regular PSA tests and biopsies, delaying treatment until necessary.
Radical Prostatectomy
Surgical removal of the entire prostate gland and some surrounding tissue, including seminal vesicles.
External Beam Radiation (EBRT)
Precisely targeted radiation therapy delivered from outside the body.
Brachytherapy
Implanting radioactive seeds directly into the prostate for internal radiation.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT)
Hormone therapy to lower testosterone levels, slowing cancer growth.
Prevention & Screening
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.