Uterine Cancer
Uterine cancer most often begins in the layer of cells that form the lining (endometrium) of the uterus. It is sometimes called endometrial cancer. It is often detected early because it frequently produces abnormal vaginal bleeding. If caught early, uterine cancer is often curable by surgical removal of the uterus. Uterine sarcoma, which develops in the muscle or other tissues of the uterus, is less common but more aggressive.
Common Subtypes
Key Statistics
Global Context
Most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries; 6th most common cancer in women worldwide.
In India
Rising incidence in urban women; early detection through attention to abnormal bleeding is crucial.
Symptoms
- Vaginal bleeding after menopause (most common warning sign)
- Bleeding between periods
- Unusually heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
- Abnormal watery or blood-tinged vaginal discharge
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Pain during intercourse
- Unexplained weight loss
Risk Factors
- Obesity (strongly linked - excess fat produces estrogen)
- Never having been pregnant
- Starting menstruation early or menopause late
- Estrogen therapy without progesterone
- Age (most common after age 55)
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Lynch syndrome (hereditary)
- Tamoxifen use for breast cancer
Treatment Options
Total Hysterectomy
Surgical removal of the uterus and cervix; standard primary treatment for most uterine cancers.
Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
Removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes, often done with hysterectomy to prevent recurrence.
Radiation Therapy
External beam radiation or brachytherapy (internal) to kill remaining cancer cells after surgery.
Hormone Therapy
Progestin therapy to slow growth of hormone-receptor-positive cancers, especially if surgery isn't possible.
Prevention & Screening
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.